Hyperspectral Models for Estimating SPAD Value of Cotton Leaves under Waterlogging Stress

[Object] To setup the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress. [Method] Irrigation and drainage controllable plots were introduced to simulate the waterlogging stress treatment in the flowering and boll forming stage, during which the change characteristics of the cotton leaf spectral reflectance and SPAD value were observed after 1 d, 3 d, 6 d, 9 d waterlogging, respectively. To find out the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress, the correlation and regression relationships between SPAD value and spectrum parameters were analyzed. [Result] (1) The SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top was significantly lower than control when suffers from waterlogging for 3 d, when waterlogged 9 d the SPAD value decreased by around 15% compared with the control. (2) The cotton suffering from waterlogged damage in the flowering and boll forming stage caused the reflection peak in green light wave band became steep, while the near infrared spectral reflectance increased, and caused the reduction of red absorption and red edge position "blue shifts", the red edge position drifts towards short wave with 4～5 nm when suffers from waterlogging for 9 d. With increase of the waterlogged days, the red edge slope and red edge area increased with a maximum value at 6 d of waterlogging, meanwhile, the skewness and kurtosis of red edge increased. (3) After waterlogging, the SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top (chlorophyll content) had a remarkable correlation with red edge slope(Dr), red edge position(λr), green peak reflection(Rg), green peak position(λg), red well position(λo), blue edge area(SDb), yellow edge skewness(Sy), yellow edge kurtosis(Ky), red edge skewness(Sr), red edge kurtosis(Kr), etc. An experience linear, polynomial and exponential models for estimating SPAD value had been built through using the Sy, Sr, Kr as independent variables, respectively, their determination coefficient (R²) were greater than 0.9, and the root mean square error (RMSE) were less than 1; and an experience binary linear regression equation for estimating SPAD value had been built through multivariate regression using the λg, SDr/SDb(VI3), Sb, Sy, Ky as independent variables, the R² was as high as 0.973, and the RMSE was 0.393. [Conclusion] The model can be remote sensing model used as estimating leaf SPAD of cotton value under waterlogging stress.     

三种羊蹄甲属植物物候特性研究

物候特性研究能够深入了解植物的生长特性,为植物栽培养护、分类、杂交育种与园林应用提供参考依据。通过定期定点观测记录的方法,研究了南方地区常用的三种羊蹄甲属观花乔木宫粉紫荆、羊蹄甲与红花羊蹄甲的物候特性,结果表明:(1)三种羊蹄甲属植物的新梢生长均集中于夏季,但持续时间以及生长高峰期稍有差异,红花羊蹄甲与羊蹄甲生长趋势较为一致,而宫粉紫荆受高温影响较为明显,高温期间生长减缓。(2)三种羊蹄甲的花期不同,宫粉紫荆的花期为12-翌年4月,羊蹄甲花期为10-12月,红花羊蹄甲花期最长,为11-翌年5月,三种羊蹄甲属植物的花色、花序、单花花期等稍有不同。(3)综合三种羊蹄甲属植物的新梢生长与开花物候特性,表明红花羊蹄甲与羊蹄甲的亲缘关系更为接近。     

类器官的研究进展及应用前景

类器官（organoids）来源于自组织和自我更新的干细胞，是利用干细胞的自组织特性进行体外3D培养后形成的细胞团，与来源器官密切相关，再现了来源器官的三维细胞结构，并为探索来源器官的发病机制提供了新的模型。类器官系统是由自分泌、旁分泌或邻分泌信号调节下的细胞，或者外源性添加的细胞外基质（extracellular matrix，ECM）底物、小分子和生长因子等衍生而来，这些因素的相互作用创造了一个动态的环境，指导干细胞的自我更新和分化，以及细胞在类器官中的自我组装。诱导多能干细胞（induced pluripotent stem cells，iPSC）重编程方法结合3D类器官工具，使患者来源的类器官作为动物模型和人类临床试验之间的桥梁，是对细胞研究和在体试验的补充。在研究来源器官发育、生物学和病理生理学方面，类器官不仅是一种比传统细胞培养更具生理相关性的体外模型，而且还是再生医学和个性化医学领域中的新模型，有望成为研究营养素、药物、毒物及毒素等的作用机制及药物的筛选、再生医学等领域的重要模型。总之，类器官技术的发展增强了人们对器官和组织生理生化功能的认知。作者对肠、脑、肺脏、肝脏、子宫、卵巢等类器官培养和应用的研究进展进行综述，以期为类器官相关科研及应用提供参考。     

原始云冷杉、红松林树木生长对氮沉降的响应

本文通过野外控制试验，设置4个梯度的施氮处理，分别为对照(CK，不加氮)、低氮(T_L，5 g/(m2·a))、中氮(T_M，10 g/(m2·a))、高氮(T_H，15 g/(m2·a))，研究云冷杉红松林主要树种的径生长对氮沉降增加的响应。结果表明，枫桦径生长随氮添加梯度的增加出现了先促进后抑制的趋势；臭冷杉和红松径生长随氮添加梯度的增加而受到抑制，其中臭冷杉表现出明显的衰退现象甚至死亡；花楷槭则表现出较为复杂的响应，可能与该树种对不同梯度氮添加的响应机制不同有关。同时还发现，各处理、各树种的胸径大小与径生长量存在相关性，可能与树种年龄及其所处的生态位相关。研究表明，氮沉降改变树木生长速率和死亡率，可能影响地上生态系统碳库和整个生态系统碳循环。      

Albumin overload aggravates kidney injury and renoprotective effect of simvastatin in adriamycin nephropathy mice

AIM: To investigate the aggravating effect of albumin overload on the kidney injury induced by lipid nephrotoxicity, and to observe the renoprotective effect of simvastatin (SIMV) on adriamycin nephropathy (ADR) mice.METHODS: SPF healthy male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, ADR group, ADR with bovine serum albumin (BSA) overload (ADR+BSA) group, and ADR with both BSA overload and SIMV treatment (ADR+BSA+SIMV) group. All mice were uninephrectomized under general anesthesia 2 weeks before setting up ADR model. ADR+BSA model started to be set up 4 weeks later. At the end of the 0th, 2nd, 6th, 10th and 14th weeks, 24 h urinary protein was evaluated. At the end of the 14th week, the serum biochemical indexes and the kidney pathological changes were observed, and glomerulosclerotic index (GSI) was also evaluated. The cholesterol in the kidney was measured by enzymic colorimetric method and oil red O staining. The expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) in the kidney tissues was determined by real-time PCR. The expression of IL-1β and IL-17 was measured by immunohistochemistry and the expression of IL-17 in the kidney was measured by ELISA.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney and the GSI were all significantly increased in ADR group (P<0.05). Compared with ADR group, 24 h urinary protein, serum creatinine, the expression of IL-1β, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney were all significantly increased in ADR+BSA group (P<0.05). Treatment with SIMV significantly decreased the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr. The accumulation of cholesterol in the kidney and the GSI were also decreased (all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Inflammation aggravates the lipid deposition and glomerular sclerosis by increasing the expression of LDLr in ADR mice. Albumin overload further accelerates the progressive kidney damage by regulating the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and IL-17, which promotes the increase in LDLr. The beneficial effect of SIMV might be mediated by its anti-inflammatory effect.     

3％高渗苯氧威防治春尺蠖试验

利用2000倍液、3000倍液、4000倍液3个不同体积分数的3％高渗苯氧威进行了室内、室外防治春尺蠖幼虫试验，结果表明：施药72h后，室内试验的3个体积分数平均死亡率均达到100．0％；室外试验以2000倍液和3000倍液死亡率为最高，达到98．5％，防治效果显著。3％高渗苯氧威是理想的防治春尺蠖的仿生物杀虫剂。     

水杨酸浸种对盐胁迫下燕麦种子萌发的影响

为研究水杨酸浸种对盐胁迫下燕麦种子萌发的影响,以晋燕1号燕麦种子作为试验材料,研究不同浓度的水杨酸浸种对NaCl胁迫下燕麦种子萌发率、种子α-淀粉酶活性、幼芽含水量和根部指标的影响。研究表明:2.3 g·L^-1 NaCl致使燕麦种子的萌发率、种子α-淀粉酶活性、幼芽含水量和根部指标均有下降,但与对照差异不显著。水杨酸浸种后,低浓度的水杨酸可缓解盐胁迫对燕麦的伤害,促进燕麦种子的萌发及其幼苗的生长,高浓度的水杨酸则抑制燕麦种子的萌发及其幼苗的生长,最佳的水杨酸处理浓度为0.05 mmol·L^-1。     

河南新县野生油茶群体表型变异特征研究

为揭示河南新县野生油茶群体的变异特征,以新县7个典型野生油茶生长区的群体为研究对象,测定了油茶叶、花、果相关的15个性状,采用变异系数、相关性分析、聚类分析和方差分析等方法,分析油茶表型性状的多样性及群体间和群体内的变异特征。结果表明,新县野生油茶叶、花、果形态在群体内及群体间的表型多样性均较为丰富,7个群体间叶、花、果形态差异均达到极显著水平。7个群体内15个性状中,鲜籽质量变异程度最高(49.79%),其次是鲜籽数、单果质量和果皮厚,变异程度最低的是叶长(10.67%);聚类分析在欧式平均距离在阈值15处,将新县野生油茶群体分为了两大类,在不同程度上反映了各群体的特征。     

太原市森林公园林带对空气PM2.5的净化效率

开展城市绿地滞尘效应研究对指导城市绿地建设具有重要科学意义。为了研究城市交通主干道周边绿地的滞尘效应，以太原市森林公园西侧紧邻滨河东路南北长600 m，东西宽100 m的针叶混交林带为研究对象，在林带最西侧与道路交界处设对照点（0 m），由西向东垂直于路面在林带内分别设置20、40、60、80 m 4个监测点，用中流量大气PM2.5采样器（100 L/min）在各点对PM_2.5进行日间采样，分析林带内PM_2.5浓度的变化特征并计算林带对PM_2.5的净化效率。结果表明:1）林带宽度影响其对大气PM_2.5的净化效率，从20~60 m的净化效率逐渐提高，80 m处略低于60 m；2）林带对局部空气PM_2.5净化效率与区域空气质量呈负相关，当空气质量为优良时，林带可以有效地降低局部PM_2.5，当空气质量为中重度污染时，林带20~40 m宽处会聚集较高浓度的PM_2.5；3）林带内分时段净化效率显示，9:30-11:00的净化效率最低，12:30-17:00净化效率较高，且15:30-17:00林内PM_2.5质量浓度最低，提示该时段适宜市民在公园内活动。     

我国小麦赤霉病发生与控制研究进展

小麦赤霉病是小麦的主要病害之一,由禾谷镰刀菌引起,近年来在我国发生逐渐加重,对小麦生产和食品安全构成严重威胁。对近年来小麦赤霉病在我国的发生情况、病原菌种类、品种抗性鉴定与开发、病害防控与流行预测等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为小麦赤霉病的研究提供参考依据。